ダニについて

ダニ咬傷について調べてみました。

当院ではダニが来たら皮膚科にコンサルするのですが、一般的にはどうなのでしょうか…？

また今回は英語にしてみました（日本語訳してたら1日1投稿できなくなるため汗）

ダニの御姿　

Pediatrics. 1985 Jun;75(6):997-1002. 

BMJ. 2013 Dec 9;347:f7123.

How to remove a tick by CDC

1. Use fine-tipped tweezers to grasp the tick as close to the skin's surface as possible.

2. Pull upward with steady, even pressure. Don't twist or jerk the tick; this can cause the mouth-parts to break off and remain in the skin. If this happens, remove the mouth-parts with tweezers. If you are unable to remove the mouth easily with clean tweezers, leave it alone and let the skin heal.

3. After removing the tick, thoroughly clean the bite area and your hands with rubbing alcohol, an iodine scrub, or soap and water.

4. Dispose of a live tick by submersing it in alcohol, placing it in a sealed bag/container, wrapping it tightly in tape, or flushing it down the toilet. Never crush a tick with your fingers.

 Avoid folklore remedies such as "painting" the tick with nail polish or petroleum jelly, or using heat to make the tick detach from the skin. Your goal is to remove the tick as quickly as possible–not waiting for it to detach.

Don’t 6　Am Fam Physician 2002;66-643-5,646.

Do not use sharp forceps.

Do not crush, puncture, or squeeze the tick’s body.Do not apply substances such as petroleum jelly, gasoline, lidocaine (Xylocaine), etc., to the tick.

Do not apply heat with a match or hot nail.

Do not use a twisting or jerking motion to remove the tick.

Do not handle the tick with bare hands.

・It is important to remove the tick completely, including the mouthpart and the cement the tick has secreted to secure attachment.  Am Fam Physician 2002;66-643-5,646.

・the risk of disease transmission increases significantly after 24 hours of attachment.

　・the risk of Lyme disease transmission increases significantly after 24hours of attachment and is even higher aftermore than 48 hours.　Am Fam Physician 2002;66-643-5,646.

・The most commonly recommended and successful tick-removal method is manual extraction of the tick.  Am Fam Physician 2002;66-643-5,646.

Follow-up

・If you develop a rash or fever within several weeks of removing a tick, see your doctor. Be sure to tell the doctor about your recent tick bite, when the bite occurred, and where you most likely acquired the tick.（CDC）

Summary points (advice for patients)　BMJ. 2013 Dec 9;347:f7123.

・When outdoors check for ticks every 2-3 hours and promptly remove them; self examine the body after being in a tick infested area 

・Wear appropriate clothing—long trousers with socks tucked in and shirts tucked into trousers

・Use permethrin treated clothing and a repellent containing PMD or DEET in tick infested areas

・Use fine tipped forceps to remove ticks, grasping the tick close to the skin and pulling steadily without twisting

・If bitten, report symptoms such as rash, unexplained headache, facial palsy, or arthralgia to your GP 

・If bitten in a Lyme disease endemic area, consult your GP to discuss antibiotic prophylaxis